The history of fashion is that of engineered discomfort. Across centuries, the body’s proportions have been shaped and reshaped to satisfy the silhouette of the moment.
There were corsets that squeezed the breath out of wearers to sculpt a wasp waist and lift the bust. There were steel-caged crinolines that held out a woman’s skirt for volume. And there were, of course, panniers — which is what I’m going to talk about today. Originating in Spanish court fashion in the 17th century, panniers are wide, side-hooped undergarments that thrust out the hips into cartoonish proportions. At the time, wearing them was somewhat of a flex. It telegraphed not just wealth but access, etiquette, status. The wider the hips, the more fabric was required, and the more fabric on display, the wealthier the wearer appeared. Bourgeois women also embraced panniers as an opportunity to show off the rich textiles they could afford.
At their peak, panniers made women so wide that they took up nearly three times the space of men. (At formal events, some ladies would wear panniers that expanded their skirts to a total width of seven feet.) Some panniers were fitted with hinges that allow the hoops to be lifted when moving through tight spaces, but for the most part, women were forced to turn sideways when passing through doors. Naturally, navigating life while wearing such an uncomfortable piece of clothing required some skill. It became a test of refinement. The ability to walk, sit, and otherwise function while trapped in these rigid, hooped structures signaled social standing.